Subject groups, total 2) | Humanities | Sports | Law, economics, social sciences | Mathematics, natural sciences | Human medicine, health sciences | Agricultural, forestry and nutritional sciences, veterinary medicine | Engineering | Art, art theory | |||
Category | Year | Sex | Number | ||||||||
Doctorate | 1996 | Total | 22,849 | 2,091 | 59 | 2,651 | 7,006 | 7,337 | 1,060 | 2,307 | 303 |
Female | 7,104 | 847 | 14 | 611 | 1,767 | 3,019 | 508 | 163 | 163 | ||
1997 | Total | 24,174 | 2,146 | 63 | 2,785 | 7,332 | 8,098 | 1,067 | 2,292 | 317 | |
Female | 7,770 | 911 | 18 | 685 | 1,834 | 3,442 | 500 | 191 | 167 | ||
1998 | Total | 24,890 | 2,174 | 41 | 2,944 | 7,616 | 8,491 | 1,102 | 2,172 | 288 | |
Female | 8,228 | 907 | 15 | 712 | 2,064 | 3,644 | 512 | 180 | 170 | ||
1999 | Total | 24,545 | 2,252 | 67 | 3,076 | 7,401 | 7,911 | 1,182 | 2,342 | 314 | |
Female | 8,186 | 967 | 21 | 846 | 1,973 | 3,434 | 581 | 181 | 183 | ||
2000 | Total | 25,780 | 2,674 | 58 | 3,261 | 7,607 | 8,397 | 1,068 | 2,398 | 317 | |
Female | 8,852 | 1,197 | 16 | 934 | 2,023 | 3,710 | 536 | 246 | 190 | ||
2001 | Total | 24,796 | 2,539 | 80 | 3,403 | 7,095 | 8,088 | 984 | 2,299 | 308 | |
Female | 8,752 | 1,151 | 19 | 998 | 1,973 | 3,653 | 514 | 262 | 182 | ||
2002 | Total | 23,838 | 2,403 | 85 | 3,130 | 6,575 | 8,062 | 992 | 2,332 | 259 | |
Female | 8,672 | 1,156 | 26 | 927 | 1,898 | 3,715 | 570 | 232 | 148 | ||
2003 | Total | 23,043 | 2,512 | 85 | 3,342 | 6,412 | 7,193 | 1,033 | 2,153 | 313 | |
Female | 8,724 | 1,274 | 22 | 1,051 | 1,990 | 3,411 | 556 | 225 | 195 | ||
2004 | Total | 23,138 | 2,518 | 93 | 3,329 | 6,345 | 7,447 | 1,049 | 2,112 | 245 | |
Female | 9,030 | 1,272 | 39 | 1,071 | 1,946 | 3,704 | 613 | 238 | 147 | ||
2005 | Total | 25,952 | 2,852 | 90 | 3,811 | 7,068 | 8,224 | 1,243 | 2,336 | 328 | |
Female | 10,272 | 1,399 | 27 | 1,190 | 2,353 | 4,059 | 721 | 317 | 206 | ||
2006 | Total | 24,287 | 2,596 | 90 | 3,785 | 6,658 | 7,560 | 1,056 | 2,206 | 301 | |
Female | 9,927 | 1,361 | 34 | 1,211 | 2,380 | 3,828 | 632 | 299 | 176 | ||
2007 | Total | 23,843 | 2,649 | 110 | 3,368 | 6,863 | 7,222 | 1,074 | 2,247 | 262 | |
Female | 10,068 | 1,404 | 42 | 1,174 | 2,546 | 3,793 | 672 | 278 | 151 | ||
2008 | Total | 25,190 | 2,679 | 110 | 3,769 | 7,303 | 7,352 | 1,011 | 2,541 | 323 | |
Female | 10,558 | 1,435 | 41 | 1,238 | 2,733 | 3,932 | 601 | 363 | 202 | ||
2009 | Total | 25,084 | 2,625 | 101 | 3,549 | 7,425 | 7,700 | 994 | 2,340 | 258 | |
Female | 11,067 | 1,419 | 42 | 1,251 | 2,920 | 4,228 | 630 | 400 | 160 | ||
2010 | Total | 25,629 | 2,760 | 115 | 3,534 | 8,092 | 7,287 | 1,019 | 2,561 | 261 | |
Female | 11,301 | 1,505 | 49 | 1,301 | 3,179 | 4,067 | 635 | 394 | 171 | ||
2011 | Total | 26,981 | 2,711 | 138 | 3,761 | 8,460 | 7,771 | 1,027 | 2,833 | 248 | |
Female | 12,105 | 1,514 | 67 | 1,359 | 3,366 | 4,472 | 664 | 500 | 158 | ||
2012 | Total | 26,807 | 2,890 | 129 | 3,509 | 8,718 | 7,350 | 1,065 | 2,860 | 256 | |
Female | 12,179 | 1,621 | 49 | 1,273 | 3,568 | 4,278 | 707 | 505 | 171 | ||
2013 | Total | 27,707 | 2,997 | 128 | 3,746 | 9,560 | 7,003 | 897 | 3,119 | 255 | |
Female | 12,256 | 1,617 | 58 | 1,352 | 3,763 | 4,132 | 565 | 602 | 165 | ||
2014 | Total | 28,147 | 3,015 | 157 | 3,646 | 9,521 | 7,326 | 969 | 3,187 | 306 | |
Female | 12,798 | 1,721 | 60 | 1,393 | 3,788 | 4,381 | 642 | 605 | 194 | ||
2015 | Total | 29,218 | 3,036 | 148 | 3,692 | 9,950 | 7,322 | 1,016 | 3,736 | 318 | |
Female | 13,052 | 1,773 | 65 | 1,375 | 3,873 | 4,374 | 662 | 720 | 210 | ||
2016 | Total | 29,303 | 2,175 | 105 | 4,794 | 8,782 | 7,414 | 1,008 | 4,719 | 302 | |
Female | 13,248 | 1,129 | 49 | 2,207 | 3,738 | 4,411 | 674 | 833 | 206 | ||
2017 | Total | 28,404 | 2,030 | 140 | 4,412 | 8,616 | 7,125 | 1,100 | 4,711 | 263 | |
Female | 12,713 | 1,072 | 61 | 1,983 | 3,645 | 4,194 | 697 | 879 | 180 | ||
2018 | Total | 27,838 | 1,990 | 140 | 4,242 | 8,445 | 7,301 | 946 | 4,458 | 315 | |
Female | 12,577 | 1,087 | 55 | 1,955 | 3,511 | 4,285 | 621 | 853 | 210 | ||
2019 | Total | 28,280 | 2,013 | 117 | 4,157 | 8,314 | 7,715 | 889 | 4,773 | 297 | |
Female | 12,862 | 1,075 | 51 | 1,956 | 3,496 | 4,641 | 554 | 892 | 196 | ||
2020 | Total | 26,220 | 1,682 | 104 | 3,898 | 7,930 | 7,256 | 892 | 4,215 | 239 | |
Female | 11,825 | 935 | 47 | 1,800 | 3,265 | 4,247 | 568 | 818 | 144 | ||
2021 | Total | 28,153 | 1,775 | 145 | 3,891 | 7,896 | 8,753 | 901 | 4,560 | 230 | |
Female | 12,927 | 984 | 69 | 1,810 | 3,258 | 5,180 | 586 | 882 | 158 | ||
Habilitation | 1996 | Total | 1,609 | 320 | 9 | 171 | 424 | 541 | 48 | 65 | 31 |
Female | 208 | 70 | 0 | 21 | 43 | 52 | 6 | 5 | 11 | ||
1997 | Total | 1,740 | 381 | 7 | 154 | 457 | 616 | 48 | 51 | 26 | |
Female | 273 | 92 | 1 | 26 | 57 | 77 | 7 | 3 | 10 | ||
1998 | Total | 1,915 | 389 | 17 | 194 | 560 | 637 | 55 | 45 | 18 | |
Female | 293 | 111 | 2 | 29 | 73 | 61 | 12 | 0 | 5 | ||
1999 | Total | 1,926 | 368 | 12 | 210 | 563 | 625 | 61 | 64 | 23 | |
Female | 340 | 123 | 4 | 35 | 83 | 76 | 10 | 3 | 6 | ||
2000 | Total | 2,128 | 410 | 16 | 253 | 587 | 700 | 52 | 83 | 27 | |
Female | 392 | 128 | 2 | 38 | 94 | 96 | 17 | 7 | 10 | ||
2001 | Total | 2,199 | 445 | 12 | 214 | 528 | 811 | 62 | 92 | 35 | |
Female | 379 | 126 | 1 | 30 | 67 | 121 | 13 | 10 | 11 | ||
2002 | Total | 2,302 | 467 | 13 | 225 | 557 | 849 | 66 | 92 | 33 | |
Female | 498 | 176 | 1 | 42 | 101 | 132 | 21 | 13 | 12 | ||
2003 | Total | 2,209 | 439 | 11 | 242 | 477 | 873 | 56 | 79 | 32 | |
Female | 487 | 162 | 4 | 60 | 71 | 147 | 15 | 12 | 16 | ||
2004 | Total | 2,283 | 466 | 15 | 241 | 478 | 910 | 54 | 84 | 35 | |
Female | 518 | 164 | 3 | 52 | 89 | 170 | 18 | 13 | 9 | ||
2005 | Total | 2,001 | 371 | 9 | 225 | 371 | 856 | 57 | 82 | 30 | |
Female | 460 | 133 | 1 | 41 | 69 | 172 | 19 | 11 | 14 | ||
2006 | Total | 1,993 | 374 | 14 | 195 | 377 | 894 | 49 | 67 | 23 | |
Female | 442 | 142 | 3 | 39 | 71 | 157 | 16 | 5 | 9 | ||
2007 | Total | 1,881 | 354 | 12 | 163 | 376 | 846 | 35 | 66 | 29 | |
Female | 457 | 134 | 3 | 43 | 62 | 180 | 10 | 14 | 11 | ||
2008 | Total | 1,800 | 343 | 9 | 176 | 330 | 811 | 34 | 71 | 26 | |
Female | 422 | 119 | 4 | 41 | 48 | 178 | 7 | 13 | 12 | ||
2009 | Total | 1,820 | 349 | 4 | 182 | 337 | 816 | 41 | 66 | 25 | |
Female | 433 | 143 | 3 | 38 | 47 | 165 | 11 | 10 | 16 | ||
2010 | Total | 1,755 | 318 | 14 | 139 | 295 | 867 | 44 | 57 | 21 | |
Female | 437 | 117 | 4 | 37 | 58 | 188 | 16 | 8 | 9 | ||
2011 | Total | 1,563 | 268 | 7 | 114 | 257 | 799 | 29 | 65 | 24 | |
Female | 398 | 115 | 1 | 22 | 39 | 178 | 15 | 15 | 13 | ||
2012 | Total | 1,646 | 288 | 8 | 126 | 259 | 847 | 47 | 58 | 13 | |
Female | 444 | 114 | 3 | 31 | 48 | 216 | 17 | 7 | 8 | ||
2013 | Total | 1,567 | 269 | 7 | 140 | 243 | 789 | 39 | 68 | 12 | |
Female | 429 | 109 | 3 | 38 | 42 | 198 | 18 | 13 | 8 | ||
2014 | Total | 1,627 | 261 | 11 | 143 | 276 | 828 | 35 | 53 | 20 | |
Female | 453 | 112 | 5 | 36 | 58 | 206 | 20 | 8 | 8 | ||
2015 | Total | 1,627 | 236 | 9 | 201 | 247 | 796 | 36 | 79 | 23 | |
Female | 462 | 77 | 2 | 62 | 66 | 225 | 14 | 7 | 9 | ||
2016 | Total | 1,581 | 218 | 8 | 202 | 211 | 802 | 41 | 84 | 15 | |
Female | 481 | 86 | 3 | 85 | 58 | 206 | 19 | 12 | 12 | ||
2017 | Total | 1,586 | 201 | 13 | 194 | 239 | 779 | 49 | 92 | 19 | |
Female | 464 | 78 | 3 | 69 | 50 | 211 | 22 | 23 | 8 | ||
2018 | Total | 1,529 | 203 | 16 | 176 | 218 | 778 | 34 | 81 | 23 | |
Female | 483 | 90 | 3 | 74 | 43 | 237 | 19 | 6 | 11 | ||
2019 | Total | 1,518 | 212 | 18 | 199 | 170 | 797 | 31 | 84 | 7 | |
Female | 484 | 90 | 3 | 69 | 35 | 255 | 16 | 13 | 3 | ||
2020 | Total | 1,533 | 191 | 10 | 175 | 196 | 847 | 32 | 65 | 17 | |
Female | 538 | 89 | 2 | 73 | 58 | 275 | 20 | 14 | 7 | ||
2021 | Total | 1,621 | 213 | 25 | 182 | 180 | 908 | 29 | 76 | 8 | |
Female | 550 | 88 | 12 | 73 | 42 | 308 | 15 | 11 | 1 |
Source: Federal Statistical Office (GENESIS-Online database, Fachserie 11 Reihe 4.4, Fachserie 11 Reihe 4.2)
This table also appears in the Federal Report on Research and Innovation as Table 18.
Notes:
1) There have been changes in the subject classification that apply to the habilitation statistics as of 2015, and to doctorates (examination statistics) as of 2016, so parts of the data are of limited comparability with the previous years. For more information see source. Subject group "Languages, cultural studies" has been renamed "Humanities". Former group "Veterinary medicine" has been added to group "Agricultural, forestry and nutritional sciences, veterinary medicine"; the values have been retrospectively adjusted to all years presented. There have been changes in the subject classification that apply to the habilitation statistics as of 2020, and to doctorates (examination statistics) as of 2021, so parts of the data are of limited comparability with the previous years.
2) Doctorates including subjects outside the fields of study stucture.
Last update: September 13, 2022
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)